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About Vitamins |
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| "Antioxidants" are molecules that
slow or prevent the oxidation of other chemicals. Oxidation is a redox
chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to an oxidizing
agent. Oxidation reactions can involve the production of free radicals,
which can form dangerous chain reactions. Antioxidants can terminate these
chain reactions by removing radical intermediates and can inhibit other
oxidation reactions by being oxidized themselves. As a result, antioxidants
are often reducing agents such as thiols or phenols. [more] |
Although oxidation reactions are critical for life, they can also be
damaging; hence, plants and animals maintain complex systems of multiple
types of antioxidants, such as glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E as well
as enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and various peroxidases.
Low levels of antioxidant molecules or inhibition of these antioxidant
enzymes causes oxidative stress and may damage or kill cells.
As oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human
diseases, the use of antioxidants in pharmacology is intensively studied,
particularly as treatments for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
However, it is unknown whether oxidative stress is the cause or the
consequence of such diseases. Antioxidants are also widely used as
ingredients in dietary supplements in the hope of maintaining health and
preventing diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease. Although some
studies have suggested antioxidant supplements have health benefits, other
large clinical trials did not detect any benefit for the formulations
tested, and excess supplementation may occasionally be harmful. In addition
to these uses in medicine, antioxidants have many industrial uses, such as
preservatives in food and cosmetics and preventing the degradation of rubber
and gasoline.
Antioxidants
An antioxidant is a chemical that reduces the rate of
particular oxidation reactions in a specific context, where oxidation
reactions are chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from
...
Much research has recently focused on how antioxidant
vitamins may reduce cardiovascular disease risk ... What are antioxidant
vitamins? Much research has recently focused on how antioxidant vitamins ...
Antioxidant Activities of Flavonoids. Department of
Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State University: Dr.
Cristobal Miranda. Summary:
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Antioxidants
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